linux 批量替换文件内容及查找某目录下所有包含某字符串的文件（批量修改文件内容）

1. sed

grep -rl matchstring somedir/ | xargs sed -i 's/string1/string2/g'

例如：
对象：文件夹

grep -rl 'windows' ./path | xargs sed -i 's/windows/linux/g'

2. find

对象：文件

find -name 'test' | xargs perl -pi -e 's|windows|linux|g'

这里使用了perl语言，使用-e加上一段代码，从而批量地将当前目录及所有子目录下的file.log文件中的string1替换成了string2; string支持正则表达式

3. awk

grep -i "windows" -r ./path | awk -F : '{print $1}' | sort | uniq | xargs sed -i 's/windows/linux/g'

这里使用了shell命令，先查找出文件，再用awk分割（以：切分），再行替换！
注意： grep可以使用正则，也可以使用\转义一些特殊字符，比如“等

sed -i 's/\"localhost\"/\"10.2.2.2\"/g' /home/my.conf

更多：

sed replace word / string syntax

The syntax is as follows:
sed -i ‘s/old-word/new-word/g’ *.txt
GNU sed command can edit files in place (makes backup if extension supplied) using the -i option. If you are using an old UNIX sed command version try the following syntax:
sed ‘s/old/new/g’ input.txt > output.txt
You can use old sed syntax along with bash for loop:

#!/bin/bash
OLD="xyz"
NEW="abc"
DPATH="/home/you/foo/*.txt"
BPATH="/home/you/bakup/foo"
TFILE="/tmp/out.tmp.$$"
[ ! -d $BPATH ] && mkdir -p $BPATH || :
for f in $DPATH
do
if [ -f $f -a -r $f ]; then
/bin/cp -f $f $BPATH
sed "s/$OLD/$NEW/g" "$f" > $TFILE && mv $TFILE "$f"
else
echo "Error: Cannot read $f"
fi
done
/bin/rm $TFILE

A Note About Bash Escape Character

A non-quoted backslash \ is the Bash escape character. It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of newline. If a \newline pair appears, and the backslash itself is not quoted, the \newline is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored). This is useful when you would like to deal with UNIX paths. In this example, the sed command is used to replace UNIX path “/nfs/apache/logs/rawlogs/access.log” with “__DOMAIN_LOG_FILE__”:

#!/bin/bash
## Our path
_r1="/nfs/apache/logs/rawlogs/access.log"

## Escape path for sed using bash find and replace
_r1="${_r1//\//\\/}"

# replace __DOMAIN_LOG_FILE__ in our sample.awstats.conf
sed -e "s/__DOMAIN_LOG_FILE__/${_r1}/" /nfs/conf/awstats/sample.awstats.conf > /nfs/apache/logs/awstats/awstats.conf

# call awstats
/usr/bin/awstats -c /nfs/apache/logs/awstats/awstats.conf

The $_r1 is escaped using bash find and replace parameter substitution syntax to replace each occurrence of / with \/.

perl -pie Syntax For Find and Replace

The syntax is as follows:

perl -pie 's/old-word/new-word/g' input.file > new.output.file

来源：http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-replace-string-words-in-many-files/

linux下查找某目录下所有文件包含某字符串的命令

#从文件内容查找匹配指定字符串的行：
$ grep "被查找的字符串" 文件名

#从文件内容查找与正则表达式匹配的行：
$ grep –e “正则表达式” 文件名

#查找时不区分大小写：
$ grep –i "被查找的字符串" 文件名

#查找匹配的行数：
$ grep -c "被查找的字符串" 文件名

#从文件内容查找不匹配指定字符串的行：
$ grep –v "被查找的字符串" 文件名

#从根目录开始查找所有扩展名为.txt的文本文件，并找出包含"linux"的行
find . -type f -name "*.txt" | xargs grep "linux"

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